Kiln



Dec. 28 1926.

' EL M. JOHNSON KILN Filed sept. 21. 1925' 2 Sheets-Sheet P,

lINVENTOR DHH AHUIIA. .NNUU lnlllu. IFUIIUI Patented Dec. 28, 1926.

hmz?

PATENT i. F i

:BOYD M. JOHNSON, OF METUCHEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T THE CARBORUNDUM` COMPANY, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Kinn.A

Application filed September 21. 1925. Serial No. 57.591.

The present invention relates broadly to kilns, and more particularly to kilns of the so-called chamber or compartment type.

Developments in the art to Which the present invention relates show thc necessity of constructing kilns with the object in view of reducing both the operating time and cost While maintaining uniform conditions as to temperature throughout the chamber or l0 chambers being tired.

The present invention has forcertain of its objects the provision of a chamber kiln in which each chamber is provided with improved heating means so constructed as to effeet uniform heating, the different chambers being so interconnected as to permit heat re :every from both a chamber which has just been tired and from the contents of such chamber, and to permit a fresh charge in another chamber to be preliminarily preheated.

In the accompanying drawings there is shown for purposes of illustration only 'a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it being understood that the drawings do not define thelimits of my invention, as changes in the construction and operation disclosed therein may be made without departing either from the spirit of the invention or the scope of my broader claims.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through one form of-kiln embodying tl e present invention.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the construction illustrated in Figure 1.

.Figure 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view, on an enlarged scale, alono the line 3-3 of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

It will be understood in considering the present invention that the utility is not limited to any particular number of chambers comprising the i entire kiln, they drawings however having for their lobject the purpose of illustrating the smallestvnumber of chambers which can conveniently be used in carrying out the present inventlon, it being apparent to those skilled in the art that any desired' number of additional chambers may .50 be added to the kiln to give the capacity desired. y

Heretofore in the art to which the present invention relates there has been considerable diiculty experienced in obtaining an eecperature may be conveniently passed from one chamber or compartment to another in4 such manner as to obviate the use of any fan or equivalent means for handling such preheated air, and under such conditions as to -insure eii'ective distribution of the preheated air andwith a resultant desirable flame condition, it being understood that afan or fans for producing the necessary draft but not for handling the preheated air may be provided. I

In carrying out the present invention there may be any desired number of chambers A, B, C, D and E herein illustrated as being five in number. Each of these chambers may be of any desired dimension and general construction embodying sidel walls 2 connected by roots 3 preferably of arched construction as customary in the art. The Hoor 4 of the kiln, however, is of s ecial construction embodying a plurality o spaced longitudinally extending ues 5, each flue being preferably comparatively narrow. Throughout the main body of each chamber these fiues 5A are covered by a protective covering 6 partially enclosing the filles. The covering 6 cooperates in each chamber at one side with a baie wall 7, and at the other side is 'cut away to provide a. series of ports 8 communicating with the ues 5.

The space between a battle Wall 7 and its adjacent division wall 2 forms a flue space which carries th'e gases to the top of the furnace.` Within each of these ue spaces is a radiating combustion chamber 10 preferably extending throughout substantially one cntire dimension of the chamber and comprising alower Hue 11 and an upper flue 12 separated by a partition 13 terminating short 'of one end of the fines 11 and 12. The

of each of the lines 12 is constructed to pro- T B is empty, it being assumed that this is the vide a plurality of'y similar ports 15, these ports being preferably substantially uniformly spaced throughout one entire. dinieusion ol' the cliainbei'.

The lines communicate at one end with a transversely extending passage 16 and at the other end with a similar passage 17, these two passages in turn communicating at one side of the kiln with a longitudinally extending passage 18, these passages providing means whereby a circulation of heated air may be obtained as desired, and as pointed out more fully hereinafter.

Extending longitiulinally of the kiln is a flue 19 communicating at one end with a stack (not. shown) and communicating at spaced points throughout its length with transversely extendingI llues u, b, c and (l. rlhe flue a is in communication with the chamber A through any desired number ot' ports 20 adapted to be controlled by a damper'or danipers 21, and is also in communication 'with the chamber B by any desired number of ports 22 adapted to be controlled by a damper 23. The liuc l; is likewise in communication with the chamber C through damper controlled ports 2a;` the flue c is in communication with the chamber D through damperv controlled ports 25 and the lue d is in communication with the chamber E through damper controlled ports 26.

Extending into each of the burner fiues 11 of the radiating combustion chamber is a burner 27 for delivering any desired type of fuel thereto, each of the burners being adapted to be individually controlled at will.

In the operation of the kiln, it may be assumed that thev chamber A contains a charge of ware or other desired material positioned, therein preparatory to tiring. The chamber next chamber which. will have a charge placed therein. -The chamber C is empty, the charge having been removed therefrom subsequently to the removal of the charv e from chamber B, and the chamber D is loaded with a charge which has just been burned and-which is cooling. Under' these conditions chamber E would be charged and under fire. I'

Assuming a conditon as above set forth, air may be admitted to, the chamber C throu h a suitable opening 28. This air will of 'the air wall 7 and 29v provided in each chamber between burner and the other portion will pas directly through the ports 8 into ilues 5. Inasmuch-as the liueS'extend throughout substantially the entire dimension of -the chamber, this air will be in distributed condition in theform of a' plurality of streams. In this condition it will travel to the ports the bottomof the flue 11 in the radiating combustion cliam bei" of the compartment l). 'l`he entering streams will combine. and travel below the partition 1? into the upper liuc 12 and lthence through the ports 15 into the radiati cated by the arrows through the ports 29 into the lilies 5 and part of the air passing upwardly over the baille wall 7 and into the flies through the ports 8. That portion ot the air passing upwardly over the baille will come into direct contact with the previously lired ware and will absorb heat therefrom and from the chamber. 'lhe air passing through the ports 2S) will likewise be preheated, and this highly preheated air will pass in distributed condition into the burner passage 1l within the chamber ll. Fuel will at the same time be suppliedto this passage through the burner 27, and by reason of the distributed air supply elfective combustion will take place; The heated products of combustion will then flow into the flue 12 and escape into the chamber E for heating the ware therein, part of the combustion products passing below the charge and part of the combustion products passing therethrough as clearly indicated by the arrows.

These combustion products will impart their heat to the charge within the chamber E, and will thereupon leave the chamber through the ports Sand combine with the products in the lines 5, the combined streams then traveling into the transverse passage 16, and the longitudinally extending passage 18 to the passage 17 at the opposite end of the kiln. These products, which stillsretain a considerable portion of their heat will flow from the passage 17 into the radiating com- .lllll bustion chamber in the chamber A, and from this combustion chamber they will flow throufrh and around the chamber A, as before described in detail, for effectively preheatin the charge in this chamber. y,Thereaftert 1e products will enter the chamber B as indicated by the arrows and will pass outwardly therefrom to the flue a and thence to the stack through the flue-19.

It will be understood that the respective y dempers in the ligues a, b, c and d are all positioned so -as to permit a. circulation 'as set forth, andAA that the llues 5 are divided .flat intermediate pointsby suitable dampers '30.I After the charge in the chamber has bam@ been `brought to the desired temperature, the wall and thence into the dues 5, while andampers will be arranged to supply air directly to the chamber D which will be,preheated by the wareA in chamber E aifd delivered in preheatedcondition to.' the radiating combustion chamber for the chamber.- `A. This operation will berepeated each time a compartment is emptied, whereby at least one of the chambers 'may always be under fire and the heat from a previously ired'chamber or chambers may be utilized for improving the combustion conditions.

Certain ofthe advantages of the present invention arise ,from the provision of la kiln structure having a radiating combustion chamber for each chamber of the kiln, Where-- by eiiective heating of the chambers is obtained.

Further advantages arise from the provi sion of a construction ot such nature that 1. In a kiln, a .plurality of chambers, al

radiating combustion means in each chamber, and means for conducting air in distributed condition from a previously tired chamber into the combustion means of a chamber under fire in distributed condition.

2. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, and radiating combustion means for conducting air from a previously fired chamber into a chamber under fire in distributed and highly preheated condition.

3. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, a transversely extending radiating combustion means in each chamber, and spaced longitudinally extending pes for conducting air from a previously red chamber into the .radiating combustion V'means of a chamber under iirein distributed condition, said radiating combustion means having ports -therein opening into said longitudinally extending lues. y

4. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, radiating combustion means for each of said chambers, and means for delivering highly preheated air from a previously red `chamber into the combustion means of a chamber under fire in distributed condition.

5. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, a

iloor having a plurality of relatively narrow f flues extending throughout substantially one entire dimension of-each of the chambers., and a radiating combustion means in each ot' said chambers communicating directly with said iues.

6. In a kiln, a plurality'of chambers, a floor having a pluralit of relatively narrow iue's extending throng out substantially one entire dimension of each of the chambers, and a radiating combustion means in each of said chambers transverse to and communieating with said flues through a plurality of spaced ports. n

7. In avkiln, a chamber for the reception of material to be fired, combustion means for said chamber of the radiating combustion passage type, said combustion means having a plurality of spaced ports for the distribution of products of combustion to said chamber and a plurality of spaced ports for the introduction of preheated air to support combustiontherein, and a plurality of i'lues for delivering preheated air to said last mentioned ports. i

8. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, radiating combustion means in each of said chambers, and a plurality of relatively narrow ues interconnecting said chambers and combustion means. f i

9. In a kiln, a plurality of chambers, radiating combustion means in each of said chambers, a plurality of relatively narrow lues interconnecting said chambers and combustion means, and a damper controlled offtake for each4 of` said chambers. 4 10. A chamber kiln having a Vradiating combustion means therein, which is substantially coextensive with one dimension of thev chamber, and which has outlet ports dis-` tributed therealong whereby a widely and substantially uniform distribution of heat is secured through the chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto' set my hand.

BOYD M. JOHNSON. 

